FDA, 1998) that included water-based as well as fat-based products (e.g., frozen dairy desserts, baked goods, confections, puddings, chewing gum, fats and oils, beverages, and sugar substitutes such as Splenda). Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sucralose for use in 15 food and beverage categories ( U.S. In 1991, sucralose was first approved for use in Canada, followed by Australia in 1993, and New Zealand in 1996 ( Davies, 2010). Its sweetness potency is approximately 385- to 650-fold higher than sucrose (table sugar) by weight, depending upon the specific food or beverage application ( DuBois et al., 1991 Schiffman and Gatlin, 1993 Schiffman et al., 2008). The organochlorine (OC) sweetener sucralose is a synthetic trichlorinated disaccharide with the chemical name 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy- β- D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy- α- D-galactopyranoside (Merck Index, 2006). Taken together, these findings indicate that sucralose is not a biologically inert compound. Both human and rodent studies demonstrated that sucralose may alter glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels.
Cooking with sucralose at high temperatures was reported to generate chloropropanols, a potentially toxic class of compounds. Sucralose and one of its hydrolysis products were found to be mutagenic at elevated concentrations in several testing methods. The identity and safety profile of these putative sucralose metabolites are not known at this time. Although early studies asserted that sucralose passes through the GIT unchanged, subsequent analysis suggested that some of the ingested sweetener is metabolized in the GIT, as indicated by multiple peaks found in thin-layer radiochromatographic profiles of methanolic fecal extracts after oral sucralose administration. In rats, sucralose alters the microbial composition in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), with relatively greater reduction in beneficial bacteria. The effect of sucralose on first-pass drug metabolism in humans, however, has not yet been determined. P-gp and CYP are key components of the presystemic detoxification system involved in first-pass drug metabolism.
In rats, sucralose ingestion was shown to increase the expression of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and two cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes in the intestine. Sucralose interacts with chemosensors in the alimentary tract that play a role in sweet taste sensation and hormone secretion. Place the Background Pad on the front side of the ScanSnap.Sucralose is a synthetic organochlorine sweetener (OC) that is a common ingredient in the world's food supply.Check that the profile that you added in step 3 is selected in the profile list in the scan window.In the home screen on the touch panel, select the profile that you added in step 3 from the profile list.Click the button to add this profile to the profile list in the scan window.If necessary, change other scan settings. If you change the save destination for scanned images to a new save destination, specify the new save destination in under. Open the feed guide of the ScanSnap to turn the power on.īy default, the images created from the document that you scanned are saved in the folder. Hold the right side of the ADF paper chute (cover) of the ScanSnap then open it or press the button to turn it on. Open the ADF paper chute (cover) of the ScanSnap to turn the power on.Prepare documents to be scanned with the ScanSnap.
#DOLPHIN IMAGING KEY TROUBLESHOOTING HOW TO#
This section explains how to scan basic documents and save the scanned images as PDF files.įor details about how to scan various documents, refer to Scanning a Document.